Esrs-congress.eu

RICHARD G.M. MORRIS
MA, D.Phil, FRSE, FMedSci, CBE, FRS
Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom. Tel: +44(0) 131 650 3518; Fax: +44(0) 131 651 1835; Mobile: +44 (0) 773 647 7190 27 June 1948; Worthing, England. Nationality: British
CURRENT APPOINTMENTS

1993-
Professor of Neuroscience, The University of Edinburgh, UK Adjunct Professor of Neuroscience, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Director, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh Governing Council, Sainsbury-Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London Trustee, MQ Mental Health Charity, London President, Federation of European Neurosciences Trust Fund Visiting Professor, Centre for Brain Development and Repair (CBDR), InSTEM, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India Caro Almela Professor of Neurobiology (Honorary), Institute for Neuroscience, Alicante, Spain
EDUCATION

1958-60
St. Albans School, Washington DC, USA Marlborough College, Wiltshire, UK Undergraduate at Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge, UK. Natural Sciences Tripos, Part IB: Physics and Experimental Psychology; Part II: Experimental Psychology; College Scholarship 1968/69. MA (Hons), First Class in both parts of Tripos. D.Phil., Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, UK (D.Phil., 1974).
PAST APPOINTMENTS

1973-75
Addison-Wheeler Fellow, University of Durham. Sen. Sci. Officer, British Museum (Natural History); Researcher, Science and Features, BBC TV, London. Lecturer in Physiological Psychology, The University of St.Andrews. MRC Neuroscience Grants Committee, London. Reader in Neuroscience, The University of Edinburgh. Visiting Professor, IAP Program, M.I.T. Cambridge USA. MRC Neuroscience and Mental Health Board, London. Director, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh. Leverhulme Fellow (Royal Society). Co-organiser (with Alcino Silva), Mouse Behavioural Analysis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY, USA. Chair, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Edinburgh. Co-organiser (with Drs David Wolfer and Hans-Peter Lipp), Mouse Transgenics and Behaviour Course, Edinburgh and Zurich (EMBO and FENS). Strategy Development Group, Medical Research Council, London. Royal Society/Wolfson Professor of Neuroscience Founder and Co-Director, Edinburgh Neuroscience Head, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Wellcome Trust, London (part-time secondment)
MEMBERSHIP of SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, FELLOWSHIPS, PRESIDENCIES ETC

1975-
Experimental Psychology Society. Executive Committee (1979-82); Hon. Secretary (1985-89). Brain Research Association (later British Neuroscience Association). Local Area Secretary (St. Andrews) from 1978-82; First Scottish Meeting (1983); National Committee (1980-84); President 1990-94. Society for Neuroscience (SfN), USA. Programme Cttee (2000-2003). International Neuropsychological Symposium (INS). Regional Secretary (2004-07). European Brain and Behaviour Society (EBBS). Executive Committee (1980-82). European Neuroscience Association (ENA). Member of Council (1993-98). President, Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS). President-Elect (2006-08). President, FENS Trust (2013-). Commander of the British Empire (CBE).
ELECTED MEMBERSHIP OF ACADEMIES

1994
Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh (Council 2001-2004; Sectional Cttee, Member 1992-94 and 2010-12; Chair 1994-96). Fellow, Royal Society of London (Editorial Board, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 1997-2002; Chair, URF Committee for Biology, 2011-2014; Sectional Cttee 8, 1998-2001; 2012-15; Chair, Hooke Committee (Discussion Meetings), 2013-5; Public Engagement Cttee, 2013-15). Founding Fellow, Academy of Medical Science, London. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington DC, USA. Foreign Fellow, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Trondheim, Norway.
TEACHING

Lecturing at the University of St. Andrews. Brain and Behaviour course (3rd Year – 150 students annually). Honours Course Module on Learning and Memory (typically 20+ students). Lab based project supervision. Inaugural course organiser for Hons. Neuroscience degree (Biomedical Sciences). Began with 5 students (AY1986/87) and now with 85 students (AY2012/13). Course organiser for 9 years; then as Chair of the Honours Examinations Board. Organiser of Learning and Memory module (1986-2002; Cognitive Neuroscience module (2002-2007); Neurobiology of Cognition module (2007-current) Lab-based project supervision – varying from 2-6 students per year. Occasional lectures on cognitive neuroscience to MBChM class (medical students). Brain and Behaviour 3rd Year course (jointly with Zoology Department; team-teaching with Professor Aubrey Manning). Numbers varying between 90 (initially) and up to 180 students. M.Sc teaching – in Neuroscience M.Sc course - joint course with School of Informatics (EPSRC Doctoral Training Centre for computer scientists, physicists and mathematicians interested in the brain).
NAMED LECTURES, PLENARY LECTURES, AWARDS AND PRIZES

1987
Organiser and speaker, Experimental Psychology Symposium on "Parallel Distributed Processing: Implications for Psychology and Neurobiology" (Oxford University). Nature magazine symposium "How the Brain works", Cambridge, MA, USA. Plenary speaker at meeting on Excitatory Amino Acids, Manaus, Brazil. BAYS Lecture, British Association (Section J, Psychology). Lecture at Academia de Lincei, Rome, Italy. Plenary Lecture, IUPHAR, Role of NMDA receptors in learning, Amsterdam, Holland. Segerfalk Lecture, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Annual Symposium on Quantitative Aspects of Biology. Dahlem Conference, Synaptic Plasticity and Memory, Berlin, Germany. Novo-Nordisk Foundation Symposium on "Memory Concepts", Copenhagen, Denmark. Lecturer, Woods Hole Advanced Course on Neurobiology and Behaviour, MA, USA. Plenary and Symposium speaker, European Brain and Behaviour Society, and European Neuroscience Association, Madrid. Lansdowne Lecturer, Univ. Victoria, BC, Canada. Nobel Symposium on Higher Cognitive Function, Stockholm, Sweden. Plenary speaker, German Neurobiology Meeting, Gottingen. Swammerdam Lecturer, Netherlands Royal Academy (KNAW), Amsterdam. Visiting Research Fellow, Dept. Neurophysiology, University of Oslo, Norway. Speaker, NIH Neuroscience Series, Bethesda, Washington DC, USA. Speaker, Opening of the RIKEN Brain Sciences Institute, Tokyo, japan. Decade of the Brain Lecture, BNA, London. Feigen Lecture, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA. Henry Dryerre Prize of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Speaker at Howard Hughes Symposium on "The Synapse", Washington DC, USA. Jerzy Konorski Lecturer, 4th Annual Polish Neuroscience Society, Gdansk, Poland. Zotterman Lecture, Swedish Physiological Society, Karoilinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Crisp Lecture, University of Leeds, UK. Plenary Lecture, Society for Neuroscience, Portugal. Opening Lecturer, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Peking University and Chinese National Academy of Science, Beijing, PRC. Invited Lecturer, Peking University and Chinese National Academy of Science, Beijing, PRC. Outstanding Achievement in Neuroscience, British Neuroscience Association. Charles E. Smith Lecture, Psychobiology Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. American Medical Alumnus Lectures, University of St Andrews, UK. Frijda Lecture, Netherlands Royal Academy, Amsterdam. Craik Lecture, Physiology Laboratory and St. Johns College, Univ. Cambridge European Journal of Neuroscience Award for Achievement in Neuroscience, with Plenary Lecture in Lisbon, Portugal. Plenary Lecture, Swedish Physiological Society. Santiago-Grisolia Award and Lectures (jointly with Erwin Neher), Valencia, Spain. Feldberg Prize, Germany (given in Martinsried and Magdeburg). Plenary Lecture, Turkish Neuroscience Society. Presidential Lecture, Society for Neuroscience, Chicago, USA Public Lecture on Memory, Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung, Munich, Germany (lecture printed and translated into German) Invited Lecture, 75th Anniversary of Albert Szent-Györgyi's Nobel Prize Award Joint meeting between Royal Society of Edinburgh and INSERM (co-organised with J-P Changeux) Fondation IPSEN Neuronal Plasticity Prize, Lyon, France. Royal Medal, Royal Society of Edinburgh, for services to biomedical science; Edinburgh, Scotland.
PUBLIC AWARENESS OF SCIENCE, ADMINISTRATION AND SCIENCE POLICY

1981
"The Burt Scandal", BBC Radio 4 (Documentary). "Spatial Learning and the Hippocampus" The Open University, BBCTV. Programme created by Dr Fred Toates and Professor D S Oltion (Johns Hopkins University). Consultant for "The Mind Machine" BBC TV, presented by Professor Colin Blakemore (Oxford University). Participated in Programme 3 entitled "Remembering". Edinburgh Science Festival ("Unmasking the mysterious mechanisms of memory"). Consultant and participant in Channel 4 documentary on Memory, presented by Dr David Cohen. Produced Schools Booklet on ‘Neuroscience' that was distributed gratis to every Secondary School Science Department in the UK. 2nd edition 2003. Now translated into several languages, under the auspices of IBRO, including Mandarin (right image) for distribution in Chinese Schools by Ministry of Education (PRC) Executive Council, European Dana Alliance for the Brain. Forum Fellow at World Economic Forum, Davos. Public Lecture (Brain Awareness Week) on ‘Memory and Brain' at the Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. Public events associated with RS/Wolfson Award, in collaboration with and largely under the direction of Dr Jane Haley Membership of Branco Weiss "Society in Science" Fellowships Panel, ETH, Zurich. Public Lecture on Memory, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARDS

1998-2011
Dean's Advisory Group for the Picower Centre, MIT, Cambridge, USA. Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsried-Munich, Germany. RIKEN-Brain Sciences Institute, Tokyo, Japan. Guarantor of Brain (UK) Alzheimer's Research Trust (UK) Branco Weiss Science and Society Fellowships (Switzerland) Shanghai Institute for Neuroscience (China) Gladstone Institute San Francisco (USA). Max-Planck Institute for Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
SERVICE TO THE UK GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL and INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

Life Sciences Coordinator, Foresight Cognitive Systems, Office of Science and Technology, Department of Trade and Industry, London, UK. Scottish Science Advisory Council President's Advisory Group, Weizmann Institute (Israel) FENS Trust (President of Trustees Group of FENS)
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND CONSULTANCY

1985-
Merck, Sharp and Dohme Ltd, UK (Advice on setting up of watermaze). Sandoz, Basel Switzerland; Ferrosan, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roussel, Swindon, UK; Creation of the Watermaze Partnership, and development of software for (initially) Acorn Computers, and later PCs. Development of video frame-grabbing, jointly with Patrick Spooner and David Ferster, and marketing of Watermaze. SAB, Dart Neuroscience, San Diego, USA
EDITORIAL WORK

1988
Editorial Committee, with Professor E R Kandel and L R Squire, of "Special Issue" of Trends in Neurosciences concerned with Learning and Memory. Executive Board, Network, Institute of Physics, UK. Editorial Board, Hippocampus, (Wiley, USA). Editorial Board, Trends in Neurosciences, (Elsevier, UK). Editorial Board, European Journal of Neuroscience, (Oxford University Press, UK). Associate Editor, Behavioural and Neural Biology, now Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Academic Press (USA). Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, (EPS,UK). Founding Co-Editor, Learning and Memory, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, USA), now on Editorial Board after rotation. Associate Editor, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Current Biology Ltd. Guest Editor (with D Amaral and M Mishkin) of 1995 Issue of Current Opinion in Neurobiology on Cognitive Neuroscience; also 2000 issue (with the late Pat Goldman-Rakic). Associate Editor, Neuropharmacology, Elsevier Press, UK. Editorial Board, Journal of Neuroscience, USA. Editorial Board, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Advisory Board, Public Library of Science Biology (USA). Editor, Faculty 1000, Cognitive Neuroscience. Board of Reviewing Editors, Science, Washington DC, USA. Ongoing… Occasional reviewing for Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Cell, Neuron, Nature Neuroscience, Public Library of Science Biology, European Journal of Neuroscience, Neuropsychologia, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Experimental Brain Research and several other journals.
RESEARCH INTERESTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

One of the "grand challenges" of contemporary neuroscience is the question of how we learn and remember. This
challenge has long been the subject of analysis by philosophers (e.g. Locke's "associationism"), anatomists (Ramon y
Cajal "growth of connections"), psychologists (Hebb's "cell-assemblies") and many others in biomedical disciplines. In
the contemporary era of neuroscience, the scope of investigation has expanded to include diverse scientists –
including virtually all of the sub-disciplines that have coalesced into "neuroscience", and including computational
neuroscientists, mathematicians and physicists.
My primary research interest is the neurobiology of learning and memory. I seek an understanding of the functions of
memory and of how it works at the level of neurons, brain systems, physiological events and transmitter receptor
action. I also have an active interest in the application of concepts and techniques from this fundamental work to
develop new therapeutics targeted at the cognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Key scientific
achievements include:
 the development of the watermaze (now used worldwide);  discovery of the role of the NMDA receptor in learning and memory;  joint development of the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis;  the neurobiology of prior knowledge (schemas).  the development of age- and disease-related paradigms for investigating changes in memory in animal models of Alzheimer's Disease. The origins of the watermaze lay in addressing whether the ‘place cells' (discovered by O'Keefe) serve a causal role in navigation and spatial memory. Our experiments using the watermaze established definitively that the integrity of the hippocampal formation was essential for these functions – both at the time of memory encoding and during retrieval. A subsequent series of behavioural studies established optimal parameters for the watermaze and these helped its widespread adoption by other academic groups and by the pharmaceutical industry. It has come to be used as a rapid behavioural assay for investigating diverse issues ranging from neural protection in experimental models of ischaemia, models of Alzheimer's Disease, and the development of ‘cognitive enhancers'. The watermaze played a significant role in the discovery of the effectiveness of ‘memantine' (Merz) in Alzheimer's Disease - now in clinical use. Software for the use of the watermaze is now marketed by a number of companies in the USA, Europe and the Pacific-Rim, with our own software developed jointly with Dr David Ferster (Northwestern University) now marketed via both his own company (Actimetrics USA) and Harvard Instruments (USA). We have also devised modified behavioural protocols for the watermaze for transgenic mice and used these extensively in our translational research (with Elan and Janssen) on the impact of immunization on cognition in Alzheimer's Disease. The NMDA receptor work includes the initial discovery of the role of this receptor in memory encoding. This has been followed up others, with my own work over 20 years including numerous studies examining the behavioural, pharmacological and molecular-biological aspects of the role of the NMDA receptor in long-term potentiation and memory. We established that NMDA receptors in hippocampus are essential for memory encoding but not for retrieval using thorough pharmacological dose-response analyses. We now have a secure understanding, supported by molecular-genetic studies, of the critical role of hippocampal NMDA receptors for ‘episodic-like' memory encoding. The work on synaptic tagging and capture addresses the issue of how the products of protein synthesis associated with synaptic plasticity are directed at synaptic sites where change has been triggered. The idea, developed with Julie Frey (in Germany) is that long-term potentiation alters synaptic strength on a temporary basis but also sets ‘tags' at sites where longer-lasting change may be possible. In circumstances where the availability of plasticity-related proteins (PRPs) will be or has been upregulated, the relevant proteins are captured by tags at the sub-set of synapses at which change is then allosterically stabilised. We are investigating this idea in physiological, molecular, optogenetic and behavioural studies. The last strand concerns schemas. There is a further step to consolidation that Dudai (Israel) and I have called ‘systems consolidation' in which interactions occur between distinct brain areas – e.g. between allocortical regions such as the hippocampus and specific sub-regions of the neocortex (e.g. retrosplenial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex). Psychological and computational neuroscience work on systems consolidation is extensive, but our neurobiological understanding is limited. We are now investigating the classic psychological idea of ‘schemas' at the neurobiological level – endeavouring to bring the whole issue of activated prior knowledge into sharp focus. Finally, a monograph (with Andersen, Bliss, O'Keefe and Amaral) called "The Hippocampus Book" is the definitive text
on the hippocampus. I also have interests in Research Administration that developed through my time as Chairman of
the Brain Research Association, and latterly as President of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies.
During a part-time secondment to the Wellcome Trust, I helped develop a new £140 million research centre for the
study of "Neural Circuits and Behaviour" jointly with the Gatsby Charitable Trust. This Sainsbury-Wellcome Centre, of
which I am a Trustee, will open in 2014 (Director: Professor John O'Keefe).
The work of my research group has been recognised through widespread citation (circa 22,000+ citations; ISI Highly
Cited List; 26,000 Google Scholar).
SCIENCE and RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION

In addition to my research and teaching in the University, I have been privileged to serve in a variety of support roles
during my career. These include a period as President of the British Neuroscience Association and later, from 2006-
2008, as the elected President of the Federation of European Neuroscience Associations. I have recently taken on the
Presidency of the FENS Trust - which looks after the capital assets of FENS in a manner that is semi-independent of the
Governing Council. I have served on the Neuroscience Grants Committee and later the Neuroscience and Mental
Health Board of the Medical Research Council. And, from 2007 to 2010, I was seconded to serve as Head of
Neuroscience and Mental Health at the Wellcome Trust where I played a particular role in the Dividend Release
component of the Trust's then funding (under Sir Mark Walport). I have served on a number of Scientific Advisory
Boards, in Germany (Max-Planck), the USA (Gladstone Institute) and in China (Shanghai). I also had a fascinating
period seconded to the Foresight Office of the then Department of Trade and Industry where I served as the co-
coordinator of the "Cognitive Systems" project (2001-2004), and was later a member of an influential report on the
use of non-human primates in research (the Weatherall Report).
I have served on Sectional Committees at the Royal Society (SC8 – twice) and am presently the chair of the University
Research Fellowships Panel for Biology and of the Hooke Committee (for Discussion Meetings). I have served in a
similar capacity at the Royal Society of Edinburgh where I also had a period on Council.
Within the University of Edinburgh, I created the Centre for Neuroscience, an initial ‘umbrella' group to bring diverse
neuroscientists together; this was later re-organised to create "Edinburgh Neuroscience" of which I was the first co-
Director (the other was a clinician, Professor Charles Warlow). Following our start and period in charge (5 years),
successive directors have taken Edinburgh Neuroscience to new heights and it now has around 500+ on the mailing
list and around 350 attendees at our annual neuroscience day.
RESEARCH GRANTS

1980-83
MRC (£28,065) G979/265/n) "Hippocampal electrical activity and behaviour. ETPBBR (European Science Foundation) (FF12,180) "Entorhinal hippocampal information transfer during spatial learning" (with Dr Francoise Schenk, Universite de Lausanne, Switzerland). SERC (£28,639) GR/C/39071) "Dissociation of memory subsystems impaired by hippocampal lesions and an analysis of functional recovery". The Royal Society (£2,106) "Does leupeptin block long-term potentiation and aspects of memory?" (Equipment grant). MRC (£81,261) G83/1497N "Does long-term potentiation/synaptic enhancement have anything to do with learning or memory?" (Personal MRC Fellowship providing own salary under RFAS scheme). MRC (£172,847) RG/400012 "Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group" (Director: Professor M A Jeeves). ETPBBR (European Science Foundation) (FF 15,000) "Neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus, subiculum and entorhinal cortex" (Renewal of ESF grant with Dr Schenk). Wellcome Trust (£29,457) W86/16142 "The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in learning and memory". MRC (£9,669) G86/17071N "Do hippocampal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptors play a causal role in certain kinds of learning?". MRC (£424,836) PG85/14914 "The relationship between the function and structure of the hippocampal system" (Held jointly with Dr David Willshaw - MRC External Scientific Staff, Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh). EEC Grant under BRAIN programme (£98,500) A Twinning Grant on Neural Computing, jointly with colleagues in Oxford (Dr Edmund Rolls) and Edinburgh (Professor David Wallace, Department of Physics and Dr David Willshaw) providing funds for joint projects between Edinburgh University and several other European Institutions. MRC (£68,225) G88/26018N "The firing of hippocampal complex-spike cells during place-navigation. Wolfson Trust (£119,000) "Laboratory for Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh". A ‘bricks and mortar' grant to construct a new laboratory (Jointly with Professor I M L Donaldson and Professor M J Morgan). Human Frontiers Science Panel ($900,000; own share $75,000) "The mechanisms and functions of long-term potentiation and depression". Joint grant with 10 others in other parts of Europe, USA, Canada, Japan and New Zealand (Director: Dr T V P Bliss, NIMR, London). Wellcome Trust (£21,154) W91/034541/1.5 "Do the psychological processes underlying spatial learning and memory differ from those involved in other forms of learning?" Medical Research Council (£651,026) PG9200370 "The functions and mechanisms of the hippocampal formation". Medical Research Council (£163,945) "Molecular characterisation of region-specific genes in the brain: transgenic animals, the hippocampus and the study of cognitive function". Project Grant jointly with Professor R Lathe (AFRC Centre for Genome Research, Edinburgh). Wellcome Trust (£10,422) Extension of Grant W91/034541/1.5 above for 6 months only. Wellcome Trust (£78,779) "The psychological processes and neuro-anatomical basis of spatial learning and memory". Human Frontiers Science Program (US$894,000) "The role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in learning and memory" Joint project with colleagues in several countries of which I am the convenor (other colleagues in Britain, Norway, Switzerland, France and USA). The Gatsby Foundation (UK£128,000) "The molecular engineering of memory function" (Joint grant with Professor Rick Lathe, Dr Seth Grant and Dr Bill Skarnes). Leverhulme Fellowship, Royal Society (UK£21,000). Support for Temporary Lecturer to enable full-time involvement in research. MRC Programme Grant (£1.15 million). "The functions and neural mechanisms of the hippocampal formation". Programme Grant, renewed October 1997 - September 2002. End Date 30 September 2002. The Cunningham Trust (£27,443). "Does overexpression of mutant APP cause an age-related change in cognitive function?" End date March 2002. Joint Infrastructure Fund (£3,338,029.00). "Refurbishment of the Department of Neuroscience: development of molecular genetic facilities at the University of Edinburgh". End Date February 2005. E.U. Framework V (£126,000). Edinburgh component of multicentre FV grant involving several European laboratories led by Prof. E Moser (University of Trondheim). End date 31 July 2003. MRC Innovation Grant (£41,386) "An animal model of episodic-like memory". End date February 2002. MRC Cooperative Group Grant (£290,764) "Synaptic Plasticity and Memory". Jointly held grant led by Morris involving colleagues at the University of Edinburgh and Stirling. End Date 31 August 2005. HFSP Grant (£93,750.00) "The consolidation and reconsolidation of memory". Joint grant led by Professor J LeDoux (New York University) involving Bonhoeffer (MPI-Martinsreid), Dudai (Rehovot), Morris (Edinburgh) and Nader (McGill). Volkswagen Foundation (£114,724) "The synaptic tagging hypothesis of memory trace formation, exploring implications with respect to behaviourally expressed memory". MRC Programme Grant (£1,586,632). "The functions and neural mechanisms of the hippocampal formation in memory. Jointly held with Dr Bruno Fruenguelli, University of Dundee. Alzheimer's Research Trust (£147,101) " Functional assessment of mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease". Help the Aged (£11.5 million) "The Disconnected Mind" Application led by Professor Ian Deary, Humanities and Social Sciences, Univ. Edinburgh and with 10 others. Human Frontiers Science Program (US$ 1,350,000). "The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis". Application led from Edinburgh and with 3 others (Bito - Japan, Bonhoeffer - Germany, Van Rossum - Edinburgh). Medical Research Council (£2.56 million for 4 years). "Hippocampal, Subcortical and Cortical Interactions in Memory and Plasticity." With Dr Bruno Frenguelli. Current Grants 2007-13 E.U. Framework 7. MEMOLOAD. (£364,000). "MEMOLOAD". Joint grant in an international team led by Prof. Heikki Tanila (Kuopio, Finland). European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant (Euro 3.1 million). "NEUROSCHEMA". Jointly with Prof. Dr. Guillen Fernandez (Donders Institute, Nijmegen). European Union Framework VI (ICT-FCT Grant – Euro 2.3 million over 3 years). "GRIDMAP" Led by Professor Edvard Moser (Trondheim) with 4 PIs. Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy, San Francisco. Research Grant for research on early diagnosis and treatment in an animal model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical Company, Yokohama, Japan (£35,000 over 1 year). Dart Neuroscience, San Diego (US$206,000 over 1 year).
RESEARCH COLLEAGUES (GRADUATE ASSISTANTS AND POSTDOCS)

1980-85
J J Hagan (Research Assistant 1B, later 1A). Dr Hagan became Vice-President for Research at Glaxo-SmithKline in Harlow, Essex. E Anderson (Research Assistant 1B). After further research at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, Liz Anderson trained as a Clinical Psychologist and now lives in York. R G Halliwell (Research Assistant 1B). Moved to the University of Sunderland. S Davis (PhD student). Dr Davis is now a C.N.R.S. tenured scientist at Orsay near Paris. E Forrest (Histology Technician). Now retired. Dr I C Reid (PhD student). Dr Reid is now Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Aberdeen. Mr R Hendry (Research Assistant 1B). Now in senior management of a Clinical Trials Company in East Kilbride. Dr C Stewart (Research Assistant 1B). PhD completed at the University of Aberdeen and is now a Senior Lecturer at the University of Dundee. Dr D Bannerman (Research Assistant 1B and PhD student), now a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at the University of Oxford (with Professor J N P Rawlins). Dr R Spooner (Computing Assistant). Completed a PhD in Computer Science at the University of York and now in private business in Glasgow. Dr H Nakada (PhD student, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Company), continuing as a scientist with Astellas in Japan. Dr R Biegler (Research Assistant 1A and PhD student) now a Lecturer at the Norwegian Technical University (Trondheim, Norway). Dr K J Jeffery (Research Assistant 1A and PhD student). Now Professor of Psychology and Head of Department at University College London. Dr M A Good (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1A). Now Professor of Psychology at the University of Cardiff. Mr P Spooner (Electronics and Computing Assistant). Still working in my group. I Brockbank (Computing Assistant). Became a computer programmer at the Digital Equipment Corporation, Livingston, Scotland. Dr S J Martin (PhD Student, MRC). Later a Postdoctoral Fellow in my MRC funded research group, now with a tenure-track post at the University of Dundee. Dr M A Ramsay (Research Assistant and M.Sc student, Ph.D from the University of Cardiff). Professor E Moser (HFSP Postdoctoral Fellow, from the University of Oslo, now Director of the Kavli Centre for Systems Neuroscience at the Norwegian Technical University of Trondheim.) Professor M-B Moser (HFSP Postdoctoral Fellow, from the University of Oslo; now Professor of Psychobiology, Norwegian Technical University of Trondheim). Dr R Steele (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1A; now a schoolteacher) Dr D Foster (Faculty of Medicine, Ph.D student; later a postdoc at the Picower Institute at M.I.T. and now an Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University). Dr L de Hoz (Research Student, European Science Foundation; then a postdoc with Dr Emma Wood, a "Young Group Leader" at the Charité in Berlin and now an independent postdoc in Tel-Aviv. Ms T Anthony (Research Assistant). Mrs Jane Tulloch (Histology Technician). Still in my group. Dr Gernot Riedel (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1A; now Professor of Neuroscience, University of Aberdeen). Dr C O'Carroll (Research Assistant and part-time Ph.D student, MRC; Ph.D 2003), now a Research Scientist at Dart Neuroscience. Ms Beatrice Poeschel (Visiting scientific worker from Germany). Dr Paul Grimwood (Wellcome Trust International Travelling Fellow; now an independent consultant in computer science). Dr Jennifer Inglis (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1A; MRC), now a schoolteacher in New Zealand. Dr Chen Guiquan (Research Assistant, 1B and part-time Ph.D student; Ph.D 2004), became a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School, returned to Edinburgh, now in a tenure-track post in China (PRC). Mr Masahiro Tanji (Visiting scientific worker from Japan). Dr Mark Day (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1A; MRC, then a Research Scientist at GSK, then at Wyeth. Dr Johan Sandin (Postdoctoral Research Fellow from Karolinska Institut, Stockholm). Ms Rosamund Langston (AR1B, Research Assistant; became a Ph.D student with Dr Emma Wood, a postdoc at NTNU, and now a Lecturer at the University of Dundee. Dr Tobias Bast (AR1A, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, became a Caledonian Research Fellow and now a Lecturer at the University of Nottingham. Mr Roger Redondo (AR1B and Ph.D student, later postdoc in my group); moved to second postdoc with Susumu Tonegawa at the Picower Institute in MIT. Mr Bruno da Silva (Ph.D student). Moved to medical training in his native Portugal. Dr Stephanie Daumas (Research Fellow, Fondation Fyssen, France); now a Lecturer in Paris. Ms Dorothy Tse (Research Assistant, later transferring to U of E supported Ph.D student). Is now a postdoc in my group. Dr Ingrid Bethus (Research Fellow, Fondation Fyssen, France). Now a lecturer at the University of Nice, France. Dr Iain Wilson (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, MRC Programme Grant; formerly in Finland). Dr Wilson sadly died in a bicycle accident in Edinburgh. Dr Marie Pezze (Lloyds TSB Research Fellow in Ageing, Edinburgh). Dr Tomonori Takeuchi (Research Fellow of the Uehara Memorial Foundation, Japan). Currently working on my ERC Advanced Researcher Grant. Dr Vassilios Beglopoulos, (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, MEMOLOAD EC grant) Dr Lisa Genzel, currently working on my ERC Advanced Rsearcher Grant. Dr Mio Nonaka (Sponsored Research Fellow, JSPS Fellowship, Japan) Dr Janine Rossato (Sponsored Research Fellow, Brazil). Mr Richard Fitzpatrick (Graduate Research Assistant)
POSTGRADUATE SUPERVISION

1982-85
M D Baker (PhD student). Dr Baker worked as a postdoc at UCL and then transferred to Pfizer (UK). K Garvey (PhD student). Now a Clinical Psychologist in Coventry. Sabrina Davis (PhD Thesis: The role of the NMDA receptor in the hippocampus in certain forms of learning) Fiona Tweedie (MSc Dissertation: The effects of neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus and subiculum on memory) Ian Reid (PhD Thesis: The neurobiology of olfactory learning in the rat) Kathryn Jeffrey (PhD Thesis: Hippocampal long-term potentiation: and electrophysiological correlate of spatial learning in the rat) David Bannerman (PhD Thesis: The relationship between hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning) Robert Biegler (PhD Thesis: Short and medium range navigation and its relationship to cognitive mapping and associative learning) Hirohisa Nakada (PhD Thesis: The effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist FR115427 on LTP, spontaneous behaviour and performance in the water maze) Livia de Hoz (PhD Thesis: Memories along the longitudinal axis of a rodent hippocampus: acquisition and consolidation of variants of a spatial task) David Foster (PhD Thesis: A computational inquiry into navigation with particular reference to the hippocampus) Holly Bridge (MSc Dissertation: The electrophysiological and behavioural consequences of temporary hippocampal inactivation) Colin O'Carroll (PhD Thesis: Investigations of protein systhesis dependent long-term potentiation and the role of dopamine in long-term memory) Guiquan Chen (PhD Thesis: Investigations of age- and plaque-related learning deficits in PDAPP mice and evaluations of anti-amyloidosis strategies on APP transgenic mice) Dione Kobayashi (PhD Thesis: Behavioural and histochemical characterisation of a novel BACE knockout x PDAPP mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease: examination of potential effects of BACE inhibition on Alzheimer's Disease and the role of AOO, A and BACE in normal and pathological memory function) Roger Redondo (PhD Thesis: The tagging and capture hypothesis of synaptic plasticity; the roles of calmodulin kinases and the phenomenon of behavioural tagging) Bruno Tiexera da Silva (PhD Thesis: Synaptic tagging and capture mechanisms during the formation of memory: an exploratory study) Dorothy Tse (PhD Thesis: Schema and memory consolidation) Hanna Nowers (MSc Dissertation: The characterization of synaptic tagging and capture in the mouse) Sarah Bates (PhD) - ongoing Mathew Harris (PhD) - ongoing Adrian Duszkiewicz (PhD) - ongoing Andrea Moreno (PhD student – shared with Institute for Neuroscience in Alicante).
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

RGM Morris, P Garrud, JNP Rawlins and J O'Keefe (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions.
Nature, 297: 681-683 (3389 citations, ISI list). RGM Morris (1984) Developments of a watermaze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J. Neurosci.
Meth. 11: 47-60 (2724 citations). RGM Morris, E Anderson, M Baudry and GS Lynch (1986) Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term
potentiation in vivo by AP5, an NMDA antagonist. Nature, 319: 774-776 (2272 citations). U Frey and RGM Morris (1997) Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation. Nature, 385: 533-536 (673 citations)
G Chen, KS Chen, J Knox, J Inglis, A Bernard, SJ Martin, A Justice, L McConlogue, D Games, SB Freedman and RGM
Morris (2000) A learning deficit related to age and B-amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's
Disease. Nature, 408: 975-979. (407 citations).
P Andersen, Morris RGM, TVP Bliss, J O'Keefe and D Amaral (2007) The Hippocampus Book, Oxford University Press,
Oxford and New York. Pp 863. D Tse, RF. Langston, M Kakeyama, I Bethus, PA Spooner, ER Wood, MP Witter and RGM Morris (2007) Schemas and
memory consolidation. Science, 316: 76-82. (191 citations). S-H Wang, RL Redondo and RGM Morris (2010) Relevance of synaptic tagging and capture to the persistence of long-
term potentiation and everyday spatial memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107: 19537-19542 (17 citations) RL Redondo and RGM Morris (2011) Making memories last: the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis. Nature Rev.
Neurosci., 12: 17-30 (67 citations) D Tse, T Takeuchi, M Kakeyma, Y Kajii, H Okuno, C Tohyama, H Bito and RGM Morris (2011) Schema-Dependent gene
activation and Memory Encoding in Neocortex. Science, 333, 891-895 (46 citations). Takeuchi T, Duszkiewicz A and Morris RGM (2014) The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis: encoding, storage and persistence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 369: 20130288. st published). Papers=181; Citations=23,000+ ISI List; Citations/paper=126; h-index=58; ISI Highly Cited.
FULL LIST of PUBLICATIONS
PHD THESIS
Morris R G M (1973) The acquisition and maintenance of avoidance behaviour, University of Sussex. Morris R G M (1989) Parallel distributed processing: implications of psychology and neurobiology Clarendon Press, Oxford, (Editor). Bliss T V P, Collingridge G L and Morris R G M (2003) Long term potentiation: enhancing neuroscience for 30 years. Oxford University Press (Editor) Morris R G M, Tarrassenko L and Kenward M (2005) Cognitive Systems: Information Processing meets Brain Science. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam. Andersen P, Morris R G M, Bliss T V P, O'Keefe J and Amaral D (2007) The Hippocampus Book, Oxford University Press, pp 836. POPULAR SCIENCE
Brain Research Association (1995, 2003) Neuroscience: The Science of the Brain Booklet (32 pp) prepared for Sixth Formers (Morris R G M, Fillenz M and Dickenson A). 2nd edition 2003. Now translated into Slovenian, Spanish and Mandarin; other languages pending, and now distributed by FENS. ARTICLES PUBLISHED AS SOLE AUTHOR
Article Morris R G M (1974) Pavlovian conditioned inhibition of fear during shuttlebox avoidance behaviour, Learning and Motivation, 5: 424-447. Morris R G M (1974) Two independent effects of variation in intertrial interval upon leverpress avoidance learning by rats, Animal Learning and Behaviour, 2: 189-192. Morris R G M (1975) Preconditioning of reinforcing properties to an exteroceptive feedback stimulus, Learning and Motivation, 6: 289-298. Morris R G M (1979) The necessity and justification for cognitive concepts in animal learning: a reply to Galvani, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31: 535-538. Morris R G M (1981) Spatial localisation does not require the presence of local cues, Learning and Motivation, 12: 239-260. Morris R G M (1983) Neural subsystems of exploration in rats, In J Archer and L Birke (Eds), Exploration in animals and humans, Van Nostrand, London, pp 117-146. Morris R G M (1983) An attempt to dissociate 'spatial mapping' and 'working-memory' theories of hippocampal function, In W Siefert (Ed.) The Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Academic Press, London, pp 405-432. Morris R G M (1983) Modelling amnesia and the study of memory in animals, Trends in Neurosciences, 6, 479-483. Morris R G M (1984) Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat, J. Neuroscience Methods, 11: 47-60. Morris R G M (1984) Is the distinction between procedural and declarative memory useful with respect to animal models of amnesia? In J L McGaugh, G. Lynch and N Weinberger (Eds.) The Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Guildford Press, New York, pp 119-124. Morris R G M (1985) Moving on from modelling amnesia, In N M Weinberger, J L McGaugh and G S Lynch (Eds.) Memory Systems of the Brain: Animal and Human Cognitive Processes, Guildford Press, New York, 452-462. Morris R G M (1988) Elements of a hypothesis concerning the participation of hippocampal NMDA receptors in learning. In D Lodge (Ed.), Excitatory Amino Acids in Health and Disease, Wiley, pp 297-320. Morris R G M (1989) Synaptic plasticity and learning: selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation in vivo by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5. J Neuroscience, 9: Morris R G M (1989) Does the hippocampus play a disproportionate role in spatial memory? In Shimamura A, Squire L R, and Mishkin, M (Eds.), FESN Study Group on Learning and Memory, Geneva, pp 39-45. Morris R G M (1989) Computational neuroscience: modeling the brain. In Morris R G M (Ed.) Parallel Distributed Processing: Implications for Psychology and Neurobiology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 203-212. Morris R G M (1989) Does synaptic plasticity play a role in information storage in the vertebrate brain? In Morris R G M (Ed.) Parallel Distributed Processing: Implications for Psychology and Neurobiology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 248-285. Morris R G M (1990) Synaptic plasticity, neural architecture and forms of memory. In J L McGaugh, N Weinberger and G Lynch (Eds.), Brain Organisation and Memory: Cells, Systems and Circuits, Oxford University Press, pp 52-76. Morris R G M (1990) The role of NMDA receptors in certain kinds of learning and memory. In L R Squire and E Lindenlaub (Eds), The Biology of Memory, Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 299-318. Morris R G M (1990) It's heads they win, tails I lose! Psychobiology, 18: 261-266. Morris R G M (1990) Memoria a Breve e a lungo termine. SFERA (Italy), 19: 58-59. Morris R G M (1990) Towards a representational hypothesis of the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in spatial and other forms of learning, Cold Spring Harbor Symposium Series, 55, The Brain, pp 161-174. Morris R G M (1991) Distinctive computations and relevant associative processes: hippocampal role in processing, retrieval but not storage of allocentric spatial memory, Hippocampus, 1: 287-290. Morris R G M (1992) Long-term potentiation: behavioural role, In L R Squire, J H Byrne, L Nadel, D L Schacter and R F Thompson (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Learning and Memory, Macmillan, New York, pp 368-371. Morris R G M (1993) Are the mechanisms of long-term potentiation involved in learning? The Physiological Society Magazine, 7: 42-45. Morris R G M (1993) The need for a functional analysis of spatial and other kinds of learning to interpret lesion-induced dissociations, In P Andersen, Oÿ Hvalby, O Paulsen and B Hokfelt (Eds.), Memory Concepts: Basic and Clinical Aspects, Exerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1993, pp 47-64. Morris R G M (1994) Reflections on whether hippocampal LTP plays a role in certain kinds of learning or memory, Dahlem Konferenzen (Life Sciences), 54: pp 5-23. Morris R G M (1994) The neural basis of learning with particular reference to the role of synaptic plasticity: Where are we a century after Cajal's speculations? In N J Mackintosh (Eds.), Animal Learning and Cognition, Academic Press, San Diego, pp 135-184. Morris R G M (1996) Learning, memory and synaptic plasticity: Cellular mechanisms, network architecture and the recording of attended experience. In D Magnusson (Ed.), Individual development over the lifespan : Biological and Psychological Perspectives, Nobel Symposium. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 139-161. Morris R G M (1996) Spatial memory and the hippocampus: the need for psychological analyses to identify the information processing underlying spatial learning. In T. Ono, B.L.McNaughton, S. Molotchnikoff, E.T.Rolls and H. Nishijo (Eds.) Perception, Memory and Emotion: Frontier in Neuroscience. Elsevier, Oxford. pp 319-341. Morris R G M (2000) Reversible inactivation of excitatory neurotransmission reveals the participation of the hippocampus in distinct memory processes. In O. Hayaishi (ed.) Challenges for Neuroscience in the 21st Century, Taniguchi Symposia on the Brain Sciences, No 22. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo. pp 191-224. Morris R G M (2001) Episodic-like memory in animals: psychological criteria, neural mechanisms and the value of episodic-like tasks to investigate animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B., 356: 1453-1465. Morris R G M (2002) Neurology and Neuroscience: two cultures, common destiny. Practical Neurology, 2: 312-317. Morris R G M (2003) Long-term potentiation and memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B., 358: 643-647. Morris RGM (2005) Memory and the Hippocampus: Elements of a Neurobiological Theory. The Frijda Lecture, Vossiuspers UvA, The Netherlands (ISBN 90 5629 379 6) Morris, RGM (2006) Elements of a neurobiological theory of hippocampal function: the role of synaptic-plasticity, synaptic tagging and schemas. The EJN Award Lecture. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23: 2829-2846. Morris, RGM (2008) Morris watermaze. Scholarpedia, 3(8): 6315. Morris, RGM (2012) The Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. In Neuroscience in the 21st Century, SpringerReference.com. Also distributed gratis by the World Health Organization via their HINARI website to 60 developing countries. Morris, RGM (2013) The making and keeping of memory: insights from neurobiological mechanisms. Booklet for Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung (in German). Privately published. Morris RGM (2013) NMDA receptors and memory encoding. Neuropharmacology, 74: 32-40. JOINT ARTICLES PUBLISHED
Dearing M F, Dickinson A, Halliday M S and Morris R G M (1974) Effects of a negative correlation between a positive and negative US on conditioned suppression in rats, Animal Learning and Behaviour, 2: 193-195. Dickinson A and Morris R G M (1975) Conditioned acceleration and free-operant avoidance following septal lesions in rats, Physiological Psychology, 3: 107-112. Morris R G M, Einon D F and Morgan M J (1976) Persistent behaviour in extinction after partial deprivation in training, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 28: 633-642. Morgan M J, Einon D F and Morris R G M (1977) Inhibition and isolation rearing in the rat: extinction and satiation, Physiology and Behaviour, 18: 1-5. Morris R G M and Alt M B (1978) An experiment to design a map for a large museum Museums Journal, 77: 179-180. Morris R G M and Black A H (1978) Hippocampal electrical activity and behaviour elicited by nonreward, Behavioural Biology, 22: 524-532. Alt M B and Morris R G M (1979) The Human Biology Exhibition at the Natural History Museum, Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 32: 273-278. Morris R G M, Garrud P, Rawlins J N P and O'Keefe J (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lestions, Nature, 297: 681-683. Dewhurst I C, Hagan J J, Morris R G M and Griffiths R (1983) Hippocampal electrical-activity and GABA metabolism in brain tissue following administration of homocysteine, Journal of Neurochemistry, 40: 752-757. Morris R G M and Hagan J J (1983) Hippocampal electrical activity and ballistic movement In W Siefert (ed) The Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, Academic Press, London, pp 321-333. Hagan J J, Alpert J, Morris R G M and Iversen S D (1983), The effects of catecholamine depletion upon spatial memory in rats, Behavioural Brain Research, 9: 83-104. Morris R G M and Baker M D (1984) Does long-term potentiation have anything to do with learning or memory? In N Butters and L R Squire (eds), Neuropsychology of Memory, Guildford Press, New York, pp 521-535. Schenk F and Morris R G M (1985) Dissociation between components of spatial memory in rats after recovery from the effects of retrohippocampal lesions, Experimental Brain Research, 58: 11-28. Morris R G M and Doyle J (1985) Successive incompatible tasks: evidence for separate subsystems for storage of spatial knowledge, In G Buszaki and C H Vanderwolf (eds), Electrical activity of the Archicortex, Akademai Kiado, Budapest, pp 281-293. Hagan J J, Tweedie F and Morris R G M (1986) Lack of task specificity and absence of post-training effects of atropine upon learning, Behavioural Neuroscience, 100: 483-493. Morris, RGM, Anderson E, Baudry M, and GS Lynch (1986) Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation in vivo by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Nature, 319: 774-776. Morris R G M, Hagan J J and Rawlins J N P (1986) Allocentric spatial learning by hippocampectomised rats: a further test of the 'spatial mapping' and 'working memory' theories of hippocampal function, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38B: 365-395. McNaughton N and Morris R G M (1987) Chloradiazepoxide and anxiolytic benzodiazepine, impairs place navigation in rats, Behavioural Brain Research, 2: 39-46. Morris R G M, Hagan J J, Jensen J, Faraday R, Baudry M and Lynch G S (1987) Spatial learning in the rat: impairments induced by the thiol-proteinase inhibitor, Leupeptin, and an analysis of 3[H]-glutamate receptor binding in relation to learning, Behavioural and Neural Biology, 47: 333-345. McNaughton B L and Morris R G M (1987) Hippocampal synaptic enhancement and information storage within a distributed memory system, Trends Neurosci., 10: 408-415. Hagan J J and Morris R G M (1988) The cholinergic hypothesis of memory: a review of animal studies, In L L Iversen, S D Iversen and S Snyder (eds) Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Plenum Press, 20: 237-324. Hagan J J, Salamone J D, Simpson J, Iversen S D and Morris R G M (1988) Place navigation in rats is impaired by lesions of medial septum and diagonal band but not nucleus basalis magnocellularis, Behavioural Brain Research, 27: 9-20. Morris R G M, Kandel E R and Squire L R (1988) The neuroscience of learning and memory: cells, neural circuits and behaviour, Trends in Neuroscience, 11: 125-127. Davis S, Butcher S P and Morris R G M (1988) The role of NMDA receptors in certain kinds of learning, In E Cavalheiro et al (eds), Recent Advances in Excitatory Amino Acids Research, New York: Alan Liss, pp 385-392. Tonkiss J, Morris R G M and Rawlins J N P (1988) Intra-ventricular infusion of the NMDA antagonist AP5 impairs DRL performance in the rat, Experimental Brain Research, 7: 181-188. Morris R G M, Halliwell R F, and Bowery N (1989) Synaptic plasticity and learning II: do different types of plasticity underlie different types of learning? Neuropsychologia, 27: 41-59. Morris R G M, Davis S and Butcher S P (1989) The role of NMDA receptors in learning and memory, In J C Watkins and G L Collingridge (eds), The NMDA Receptor, IRL Press, Oxford, pp 137-151. Eichenbaum H, Stewart C and Morris R G M (1990) Hippocampal representation in place learning, J Neuroscience, 10: 3531-3542. Morris R G M, Schenk F, Tweedie F and Jarrard L E (1990) Ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus and/or subiculum: dissociating components of allocentric spatial learning, European Journal of Neuroscience, 2: 1016-1028. Morris R G M, Davis S and Butcher S P (1990) Hippocampal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptors: a role in information storage? Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 329: 187-204. Butcher S P, Hamberger A and Morris R G M (1991) Intracerebral distribution of DL-2- amino-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) and the dissociation of different types of learning, Experimental Brain Research, 83: 521-526. Reid I C and Morris R G M (1991) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and learning: a framework for classifying some recent studies, In B S Meldrum, F Moroni, R P Simon and J H Woods (eds), Excitatory Amino Acids, Raven Press, New York, pp 521-532. Davis S, Butcher S P and Morris R G M (1992) The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (AP5) impairs spatial learning and LTP in vivo at comparable intracerebral concentrations to those that block LTP in vitro. J Neuroscience, 12: 21-34. Reid I C and Morris R G M (1992) Smells are no surer: rapid improvement in olfactory discrimination is not due to the acquisition of a learning set. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 247: 137-143. Morris R G M and Kennedy M B (1992) The Pierian Spring. Current Biology, 2: 511-514. McNaughton N and Morris R G M (1992) Buspirone produces a dose-related impairment in spatial navigation. Psychopharmacology, 43: 167-171. Biegler R and Morris R G M (1993) Landmark stability is a prerequisite for spatial but not discrimination learning, Nature, 361: 631-633. Reid I C and Morris R G M (1993) The enigma of olfactory learning, Trends in Neuroscience,16: 17-26. Jeffery K J and Morris R G M (1993) Cumulative long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus correlates with, but does not modify, performance in the watermaze, Hippocampus, 1993, 3: 133-140. Stewart C A and Morris R G M (1993) The Watermaze, In Behavioural Neuroscience: APractical Approach, A Sahgal (ed), IRL Press at Oxford, Chapter 9, Vol 1, 107-122. Morris R G M and Reid I C (1993) Reply to Slotnick, Trends in Neuroscience, 16: 261-262. Morris R G M and M Davis (1994) The role of NMDA receptors in learning and memory, In The NMDA Receptor, 2nd Edition, J C Watkins and G L Collingridge (eds), Oxford University Press, pp 340-375. Lathe R and Morris R G M (1994) Analysing brain function and dysfunction in transgenic animals, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 20: 350-358. Bannerman D M, Chapman P F, Kelly P A T, Butcher S P and Morris R G M (1994) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase does not impair spatial learning, J. Neuroscience, 14: 7404-7414. Bannerman D M, Chapman P F, Kelly P A T, Butcher S P and Morris R G M (1994) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase does not prevent the induction of long-term potentiation in vivo, J Neuroscience, 14: 7415-7425. Bannerman D M, Butcher S P and Morris R G M (1994) Intracerebroventricular injection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor does not affect long-term slope potentiation in vivo, Neuropharmacology, 33: 1387-1397. Spooner R I W, Thomson A, Hall J, Morris R G M and Salter S H (1994) The Atlantis Platform: A new design and further developments of Buresova's on-demand platform for the water maze. Learning and Memory, 1: 203-211. Yau J I W, Morris R G M and Seckl J R (1994) Hippocampal corticosteroid receptor mRNA expression and spatial learning in the aged Wistar rat. Brain Research, 657: 59-64. Morris R G M, Amaral D G and Mishkin M (1995) Cognitive Neuroscience - Editorial Overview. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5: 137-140. Bannerman D M, Good M A, Butcher S P, Ramsay M and Morris R G M (1995) Distinct components of spatial learning revealed by prior training and NMDA receptor blockade. Nature, 378: 182-186. Moser M-B, Moser E I, Forrest E, Andersen P and Morris R G M (1995) Spatial learning with a minislab in the dorsal hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92: 9697-9701. Stapleton G, Steel M, Richardson M, Mason J O, Rose K A Morris R G M and Lathe R (1995) A novel cytochrome p450 expressed primarily in brain. J. Biol. Chemistry, 270: 29739-29745. Biegler R and Morris R G M (1996) Landmark Stability: Studies exploring whether the perceived stability of the environment influences spatial representation. J. Exp. Biology, 199: 187-193. Morris R G M, Bannerman D M and Good M (1996) NMDA Receptors and spatial learning: Differential pretraining dissociates the behavioral effects of the receptor antagonist AP5 and selective lesions. In N. Kato (Ed.) The Hippocampus: Functions and Clinical Relevance. Elsevier Science, pp 55-73. Nosten-Bertrand M, Errington M L, Murphy K P S J, Tokugawa Y, Barboni E, Koslova E, Michalovich D, Morris R G M, Silver J, Stewart C L, Bliss T V P and Morris R J (1996) Normal spatial learning despite regional inhibition of LTP in mice lacking Thy-1. Nature, 379: 826-829. Biegler R and Morris R G M (1996) Landmark stability: Further studies of its role in spatial but not discrimination learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49B: 307-345. Yau J I W, Olsson T, Morris R G M, Noble J and Seckl J R (1996) Decreased NGF1A gene expression if the hippocampus of cognitively-impaired aged rats. Molecular Brain Research, 42: 354-357. Frey J U and Morris R G M (1997) Synaptic tagging and long-term potentiation. Nature, 385: 533-536. Morris R G M and Frey J U (1997) Hippocampal synaptic plasticity: role in spatial learning or the automatic recording of attended experience? Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 352: 1489-1503. Martin S J and Morris R G M (1997) (R,S)-a-Methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) fails to block long-term potentiation under urethane anaesthesia in vivo. Neuropharmacology, 36: 1339-1354. Bannerman D M, Butcher S P, Good M A and Morris R G M (1997) Intracerebroventricular infusion of the NMDA receptor-associated glycine antagonist, 7-chlorokynurenate, impairs watermaze performance but fails block long-term potentiation in vivo. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 68: 252-270. Frey J U and Morris R G M (1998) Synaptic tagging: implications for late maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Trends in Neuroscience, 21: 181-187. Frey J U and Morris R G M (1998) Weak before strong: Dissociating synaptic tagging and plasticity factor accounts of late-LTP. Neuropharmacology, 37: 545-552. Good M, deHoz L and Morris R G M (1998) Contingent versus incidental context processing during conditioning: Dissociation after excitotoxic hippocampus plus dentate gyrus lesions Hippocampus, 8: 147-159. Steel M, Moss J, Clark K A, Kearns I R, Davies C H, Morris R G M, Skarnes W C and Lathe R (1998) Gene-trapping of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus, 8: 444-457. Moser E I, Krobert K A, Moser M-B and Morris R G M (1998) Saturating long-term potentiation does impair spatial learning Science, 281: 2038-2042. Migaud M, Charlesworth P, Dempster M, Webster L C, Watabe A M, Makhinson M, He Y, Ramsay M F, Morris R G M, Morrison J H, O'Dell T J and Grant S (1998) Enhanced long-term potentiation and impaired learning in mice with mutant postsynaptic density-95 protein. Nature, 396: 433-439. Steele R J and Morris R G M (1999) Delay-dependent impairment of a hippocampal-dependent matching-to-place task with chronic and intrahippocampal infusion of the NMDA antagonist D-AP5. Hippocampus, 9: 118-136. Biegler R and Morris R G M (1999) Blocking in the spatial domain with arrays of discrete landmarks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes, 25: 334-351. Cobb S R, Bulters D O, Suchak S, Riedel G, Morris R G M and Davies C H (1999) Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors patterns network activity in the rodent hippocampus. Journal of Physiology, 518: 131-40. Maguire E A, Frith C D and Morris R G M (1999) The functional neuroanatomy of comprehension and memory: the importance of prior knowledge. Brain, 122: 1839-1850. Riedel G, Micheau J, Lam A G M, Roloff EvL, Martin S J, Bridge H, de Hoz L, Poeschel B, McCulloch J and Morris R G M (1999) Reversible neural inactivation reveals hippocampal participation in several memory processes. Nature Neuroscience, 2: 898-905. Foster D J, Morris R G M and Dayan P (2000) A model of Hippocampally Dependent Navigation using the Temporal Difference Learning Rule Hippocampus, 10: 1-16. Martin S J, Grimwood P D and Morris R G M (2000) Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: an evaluation of the hypothesis. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23: 649-711. Grimwood P D, Martin S J and Morris R G M (2000) On Synaptic Plasticity and Memory. In M. Cowan and K Davies (Eds.) Synapses, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Allen P B, Hvalby O, Jensen V, Errington M L, Ramsay M, Chaudhury F, Bliss T V P, Storm-Mathisen J, Morris R G M, Andersen P and Greengard P (2000) Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulation in the induction of Long-Term Potentiation: Heterogeneous Molecular Mechanisms. J Neuroscience, 20: 3537-3543. Dudai Y and Morris R G M (2000) To consolidate or not to consolidate: what are the questions? In Brain, Perception and Memory: Advances in Cognitive Sciences (ed. J Bolhuis), Oxford University Press, pp 147-162. Chen G, Chen K S, Knox J, Inglis J, Bernard A, Martin S J, Justice A, McConlogue L, Games D, Freedman S B and Morris R G M (2000) A learning deficit related to age and -amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nature, 408: 975-979. Brun V H, Ytterbø K, Morris R G M, Moser M-B, and Moser E I (2001) Retrograde Amnesia for Spatial Memory Induced by NMDA Receptor-Mediated Long-Term Potentiation J. Neuroscience 21: 356-362. Yau J L W, Noble J, Hibberd C, Rowe W B, Meaney M J, Morris R G M and Seckl, J R (2002) Chronic Treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline prevents impairments in water maze learning in aging rats. J. Neuroscience, 22: 1436-1442. Komiyama N H and 11 others (2002) SynGAP regulates ERK/MAPK signaling, synaptic plasticity and learning in a complex with postsynaptic density 95 and NMDA receptor. J. Neuroscience, 22: 9721-9732. Martin S J and Morris R G M (2002) New Life in an Old Idea: the Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Hypothesis Revisited. Hippocampus, 12: 609-636. Chen P E, Specht C G, Morris R G M and Schoepfer R (2002) Spatial learning is unimpaired in mice containing a deletion of the alpha-synuclein locus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 16: 1-6. Morris R G M, Moser E I, Henderson C, di Luca M, Witter M and Freund T (2002) euroSCIENCE moves into sixth gear. Trends in Neuroscience, 25: 591-594. Morris R G M, Moser E I, Riedel G, Martin S J, Sandin J, Day M and O'Carroll C (2003) Elements of a neurobiological theory of the hippocampus: the role of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B., 358: 773-786. Morris R G M and Day M (2003) Places and Flavours: one-trial paired-associate learning as a model of episodic-like memory in the rat. In Limbic and Association Cortical Systems - Basic, Clinical and Computational Aspects, Eds. Ono, T., Matsumoto, G., Llinas, RR, Berthoz, A, Norgren, R, Nishijo, H, and Tamura, R. Elsevier Science, pp183-198. Day M, Langston R F, and Morris R G M (2003) Glutamate receptor mediated encoding and retrieval of paired-associate learning. Nature, 424: 205-209. O'Carroll C and Morris R G M (2004) Heterosynaptic co-activation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents is required to induce persistent long-term potentiation. Neuropharmacology, 47: 324-332 de Hoz L, Martin S J and Morris R G M (2004) Forgetting, reminding and remembering: the retrieval of lost spatial memory. PLoS Biology, 2, 8: e225 Crabbe J C and Morris R G M (2004) Festina lente: late-night thoughts on high-throughput screening of mouse behaviour. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 1175-1180. Fonseca R, Nägerl U V, Morris R G M and Bonhoeffer T (2004) Competing for memory: hippocampal LTP under regimes of reduced protein synthesis. Neuron, 44: 1011-1020. de Hoz L, Moser E I and Morris R G M (2005) Spatial learning with unilateral and bilateral hippocampal networks. European Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 745-754. Saura C A, Chen G, Malkani S, Choi S-Y, Takahashi R H, Zhang D, Gouras G K, Kirkwood A, Morris R G M and J Shen (2005) Conditional inactivation of presenilin-1 prevents amyloid accumulation and temporarily rescue contextual and spatial working memory impairments in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J. Neurosci, 25: 6755-6764. Bast T, de Silva B M and Morris R G M (2005) Distinct contributions of hippocampal NMDA and AMPA receptors to encoding and retrieval of one-trial place memory. J. Neurosci., 25: 5845-5856. Martin S J, de Hoz L and Morris R G M (2005) Retrograde amnesia: neither partial nor complete hippocampal lesions in rats result in preferential sparing of remote spatial memory, even after reminding. Neuropsychologia 43: 609-624. Morris R G M, Inglis J, Ainge J A, Olverman H J, Tulloch J, Dudai Y and Kelly P A T (2006) Memory reconsolidation: Sensitivity of spatial memory to inhibition of protein synthesis in dorsal hippocampus during encoding and retrieval. Neuron 50: 479-489. Roth-Alpermann C, Morris R G M, Korte M and Bonhoeffer T (2006) Homeostatic shutdown of long-term potentiation in the adult hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103: 11039-11044. O'Carroll C M, Martin S J, Sandin J, Frenguelli B and Morris R G M (2006) Dopaminergic modulation of the persistence of one-trial hippocampus-dependent memory. Learning and Memory, 13: 760-769. O'Hara K, Morris R G M, Shadbolt N, Hitch G J, Hall W & N Beagrie (2006) Memories for Life: A Review of the Science and Technology', Journal of the Royal Society - Interface, 3: 351-365. Chen G, Chen K S, Kobayashi D, Barbour R, Motter R, Games D, Martin S J and Morris R G M (2007) Active A immunization restores spatial learning in PDAPP mice displaying very low levels of -amyloid. J. Neuroscience, 27: 2654-2662. Kobayashi D., Zeller M, Cole T, Buttini M, McConlogue L, Sinha S, Freedman S B, Morris R G M, and Chen K S (2007) BACE1 gene deletion: impact on behavioral function in a model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 29: 861-873. Tse D, Langston R F, Kakeyama M, Bethus I, Spooner P A, Wood E R, Witter M P and Morris R G M (2007) Schemas and memory consolidation. Science, 316: 76-82 (+Perspective). Tse D, Langston R F, Bethus I, Wood E R, Witter M P and Morris R G M (2008) Does assimilation into schemas involve systems or cellular consolidation? It's not just time. Neurobiol. Learn. and Mem., 89: 361-365. Daumas S, Sandin J, Chen KS, Kobayashi D, Tulloch J, Martin SJ, Games D and Morris RGM (2008) Faster forgetting contributes to impaired spatial memory in the PDAPP mouse: Deficit in memory retrieval associated with increased sensitivity to interference? Learn. Mem. 15: 625-632. Muñoz M and Morris R G M (2009) Assessing episodic memory in animals. In New Encyclopaedia of Neuroscience (Squire L, Albright T, Bloom F, Gage F, and Spitzer N, eds), pp 1173-1882, Oxford: Academic Press. Bast T, Wilson IA, Witter MP and Morris RGM (2009) From rapid place learning to behavioral performance: a key role for the intermediate hippocampus. PLoS Biology, 7: 730-746. Barrett AB, Billings GO, Morris RGM, van Rossum MCW. (2009) State Based Model of Long-Term Potentiation and Synaptic Tagging and Capture. PLoS Comput Biol 5(1): e1000259. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000259 Chen PE, Errington ML, Kneussel M, Chen G, Annala AJ, Rudhard YH, Rast GF, Specht CG, Tigaret CM, Nassar MA, Morris RGM, Bliss TVP, Schoepfer R (2009) Behavioral deficits and subregion-specific suppression of LTP in mice expressing a population of mutant NMDA receptors throughout the hippocampus. Learn. Mem. 16: 635-644. Bethus I, Tse D and Morris, RGM (2010) Dopamine and Memory: Modulation of the Persistence of Memory for Novel Hippocampal NMDA Receptor-Dependent Paired Associates. J. Neurosci., 30: 1610-1618. Wang S-H and Morris RGM (2010) Hippocampal-Neocortical Interactions in Memory Formation, Consolidation and Reconsolidation. Annual Review of Psychology, 61: 49-79. Redondo RL, Okuno H, Spooner PA, Frenguelli BG, Bito H, Morris RGM (2010) Synaptic Tagging and Capture: Differential Role of Distinct Calcium/Calmodulin Kinases in Protein Synthesis-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation. J. Neurosci., 30: 4981-4989. Wang S-H, Redondo RL, Morris, RGM (2010) Relevance of synaptic and capture to the persistence of long-term potentiation and everyday spatial memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107: 19537-19542. Redondo RL and Morris RGM (2011) Making memories last: the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12:17-30. Tse D, Takeuchi T, Kakeyma M, Kajii Y, Okuno H, Tohyama C, Bito H and Morris RGM (2011) Schema-Dependent gene activation and Memory Encoding in Neocortex. Science, 333: 891-895. Shires, K.L., Da Silva, B.M., Hawthorne, J.P., Morris, R.G.M. and Martin, S.J. (2012) Synaptic tagging and capture in the living rat. Nature Communications, 3:1246, doi:10.1038/ncomms225 Wang S-W, Tse D and Morris RGM (2012) Anterior cingulate cortex in schema assimilation and expression. Learn. Mem., 19: 315-318. Corea SAL, Hunter, CJ Palygin, O Palygin, Wauters SC, Martin KJ, McKenzie C, McKelvey K, Morris RGM, Pankratov Y, Arthur SJC and Frenguelli BG (2013) MSK1 regulates homeostatic and experience-dependent synaptic plasticity. J. Neurosci., 32: 13039-13051. Inglis J, Martin SJ and Morris RGM (2013) Upstairs/downstairs revisited: spatial prretraining-induced rescue of normal spatial learning during selective blockade of hippocample N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience, 37: 718-727. Morris RGM, Steele RJ, Bell JE and Martin SJ (2013) N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, learning and memory: chronic intraventricular infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist d-AP5 interacts directly with the neural mechanisms of spatial learning. European Journal of Neuroscience, 37: 700-717. Redondo R and Morris RGM (2013) Electrophysiological and behavioral approaches to the analysis of synaptic tagging and capture. In Multidisciplinary Tools for Investigating Synaptic Plasticity (Nguyen P, ed), pp 197-195, Springer Science. Dudai Y and Morris RGM (2013) Memorable Trends. Neuron, 80: 742-750. Takeuchi T, Duszkiewicz A and Morris RGM (2014) The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis: encoding, storage and persistence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 369: 20130288. Salvetti B, Morris RGM and Wang S-H (2014) The role of rewarding and novel events in facilitating memory persistence in a separate spatial memory task. Learn and Memory, 21:16-72. doi:10.1101/lm.032177.113 NOTES, BOOK REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES etc.
(incomplete list) Morris R G M (1979) Absolute capacity and functional implications of spatial and working memory, The Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 2: 266A. Morris R G M (1982) New approaches to learning and memory, Trends Neurosci., 5: 3-4. Nadel L and Morris R G M (1982) On novelty, places and the septo-hippocampal system, The Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 5: 493-494. C Gall, G Lynch, Morris R G M and D Wilson (1984) Septo-temporal distribution of medial and lateral perforant path innervation of rat hippocampus and capacity to support long-term potentiation, J Physiol., 358: 45P. Morris R G M (1985) Does long-term potentiation have anything to do with learning and memory? Neuroscience Letters, 21: S41. E Anderson, M Baudry, G Lynch and Morris R G M, 1985 Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist - AP5, J Physiol., 367: 31P. Morris R G M and D J Willshaw (1987) Only connect!, Nature, 327: 469-470. Morris R G M and D J Willshaw (1989) Must what goes up come down, Nature, 339: 175-176. Morris R G M and G L Collingridge (1993) Expanding the potential, Nature, 364: 104-105. Morris R G M (1993) Remembering landmarks - Reply to Bennett. Nature, 264: 293-294. M A Good and Morris R G M (1994) A step linking memory to understanding The Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 17: 477-478. Morris R G M (1996) Book Review The Cognitive Neurosciences, M S Gazzaniga (Ed.) Trends in Neurosciences. Morris R G M (1996) Book Review Foundations of Cellular Neurophysiology, D Johnston and S M-S Wu, MIT Press, 1995. Neuromuscular Disorders, 6: 308-309 Morris R G M (1996) Further studies of the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in spatial learning: Is hippocampal LTP a mechanism for automatically recording experience? J Physiology (Paris), 90: 333-334. Morris R G M and R J Morris (1997) Memory floxed Nature, 385: 680-681 (News and Views). Morris R G M (1997) Preconceptions and prerequisites: understanding the function of synaptic plasticity will also depend on a better system-level understanding of multiple types of memory. Commentary on Shors and Metzel. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Morris R G M (1998) Down with novelty. Nature, 394: 834-835. Morris R G M (1999) The neuroscience ‘melting-pot': A review of M Zigmond's Fundamental Neuroscience Nature Neuroscience, 2: 207-208. Morris R G M (1999) Inside modern memory research: A review of Squire and Kandel's Memory: From Mind to Molecules. Cerebrum, 1: 90-100. Morris R G M (1999) Highlights of Twentieth Century Neuroscience: D O Hebb and The Organization of Behaviour. Brain Research Bulletin, 50: 437. Morris R G M (1999) Topographical knowledge survives hippocampal damage. Current Biology, 9: R890-R892. Morris R G M and P Goldman-Rakic (2000) Cognitive Neuroscience: Editorial Overview. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol 10. A Baddeley and 10 others (2000) The brain decade in debate: I. Neurobiology of learning and memory. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 33: 993-1002 (Printed version of an on-line electronic symposium). Martin S J and Morris R G M (2001) Cortical Plasticity: It's all the range! Current Biology, 11: R57-R59. J Lisman and Morris R G M (2001) Why is the cortex a slow learner? Nature, 411: 248-249. M Day and Morris R G M (2001) Memory Consolidation and NMDA Receptors: Discrepancy between Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches Science, 293: 755a (on-line only O Paulsen and Morris R G M (2002) Flies put the buzz back into long-term potentiation. Nature Neuroscience, 5: 289-290. M Kenward, Morris R G M and L Tarrassenko (2003) Neural connections that compute. Trends in Neuroscience, 26: 393-394. Morris R G M and M D Rugg (2004) Messing about in memory. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 1171-1173. Crabbe J C and Morris R G M (2004) Festina lente: late-night thoughts on high-throughput screening of mouse behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 1175-1179. Miesenbock G, Morris R G M (2005) New technologies. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:557-559. Morris RGM and Mucke L (2006) A needle from the haystack. Nature, 440: 284-285. Yehuda R, Joels M and Morris RGM (2010) The memory paradox. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11: 837-839. Morris RGM and Takeuchi T (2012) The imaginary mind of a mouse. Science, 335: 1455-1456.

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